Conditional sea surface statistics and their impact on geophysical sea surface parameters retrieved from SAR altimetry signals

In this study we present an analytical formulation of synthetic-aperture radar (SAR) altimetry signals including narrow banded nonlinear wave fields and conditional statistics between wave elevation displacements, horizontal wave slopes and vertical wave particle velocities. Considering the wave elevation displacements coskewness with respect to horizontal slopes leads to an analytical formulation of the electromagnetic bias within a SAR-mode altimeter stack. This formulation can be either parametrized by the significant wave height (SWH) and mean wave steepness, or in terms of the variance of vertical wave velocities. The effect of conditional vertical wave particle velocity variances with respect to the observed horizontal wave slopes close to nadir incidence angles leads to an effective reduction of the azimuth blurring of SAR-mode stacks. We present here a formulation of this effect by examining JONSWAP ocean wave spectra. In most cases this effect reduces the azimuth blurring by 10% to 30%. Additionally we investigate the effect of a nonlinear wave elevation displacement probability density function (PDF) on estimated geophysical parameters. We were able to show that including an elevation displacement skewness of 0.13 improves significantly the SWH consistency between altimetry and ECMWF Reanalysis v5 ERA5 results.All of these effects are validated with respect to ERA5 model data in the North East Atlantic region and in situ data located in the German Bight and Baltic Sea.The developed model can be used in both SAR and conventional altimetry retrackers.     

Estimating inter-system biases for tightly combined Galileo/BDS/GPS RTK

The overlapping carrier frequencies L1/E1, L5/E5a and B2/E5b from GPS/Galileo/BDS allow inter-system double-differencing of observations, which shows a clear advantage over differencing of the observations of each constellation independently. However, the inter-system biases destroy the integer nature of the inter-system double-differencing ambiguities. Two methods of direct rounding and parameter estimation are used to determine the ISB value. By analyzing data collected from Curtin University from 2015 to 2018, the phase and code inter-system bias (ISB) are related to the receiver type, firmware version and the selected overlapping frequency. Upgrade of receiver firmware version results in changes of ISB values. For example, the upgrade of Javad firmware in Dec, 15, 2017 causes the difference of 0.5 cycles ISB between BDS GEO and non-GEO satellites. By comparing the three dynamic models which include white noise process, random walk process, and random constant in the parameter estimation method, the ISB determined by the random constant model is consistent with the value obtained by the direct rounding method. After the calibration of ISBs, the performances of tightly combined positioning are assessed. The success rate of ambiguity resolution and accuracy of positioning for the tight combination (TC) are significantly improved in comparison with that for the loose combination (LC) over short baselines. For L5/E5a, on which only few satellites can be observed, the maximum increase in success rates of ambiguity resolution can reach 31.7%, i.e., from 54.9% of LC to larger than 86.6% of TC, and the positioning accuracies can even be increased by 0.13 m, i.e., from 0.208 of LC to 0.074 m of TC in East direction for the mix-receiver TRIMBLE NETR9-SEPT POLARX4 in 2018.     

相关函数在涡流检测信号提取分析中的应用

为降低涡流检测信号处理的硬件复杂程度及提升后续数据分析处理灵活度，在不借助复杂硬件自平衡技术电路前提下，在LABVIEW图形化软件平台中设计了相关函数算法程序，对示波器MDO4024C所采集的原始交流电桥信号及电桥激励信号分别进行自相关及互相关运算去噪，提取分析不锈钢管不同位置的涡流信号的幅值及相位，最后再将检测信号在极坐标图中分析显示。实验结果表明，这一方法可有效实现对不锈钢管缺陷涡流信号的去噪及特征信号提取。     

一种可抑制三次谐波的五相混合式步进电机空间矢量脉宽调制优化控制策略

五相混合式步进电机因其定位精度高、转矩脉动小以及转矩密度高等优点而应用愈加广泛。为进一步减小其运行噪声、提高系统整体效率,本文提出一种可抑制三次谐波的五相混合式步进电机空间矢量脉宽调制(Space vector pulse width modulation,SVPWM)优化控制策略。首先搭建了考虑互感条件下的五相混合式步进电机解耦控制数学模型。在此基础上,采用相邻两大矢量和两中矢量合成混合电压矢量的SVPWM控制策略,并给出了相应的五相混合式步进电机双闭环控制系统。本文所提的混合SVPWM算法通过利用大、中矢量在基波、三次谐波双坐标系对应关系以达到抑制三次谐波的效果,能够有效降低相电流纹波和谐波含量。最后,研制了一套基于FPGA的实验平台,对所提策略与传统滞环算法、大矢量SVPWM算法进行对比研究,重点分析了3种算法对相电流纹波和谐波含量的影响,从而验证了所提算法的正确性和优越性。     

正—反激组合式变换器与单端式变换器的比较

以５０Ｗ变换器为例，分别从磁性元件的大小，功率管上的电应力、磁恢复问题，输出纹波及输出特性等方面，详细分析比较了组合式变换器与单端式变换器的优缺点，并给出了具体数据，提出了正－反激组合式变换器具有电压应力低，磁性元件小，体积小，重量轻，输出纹波小及可靠性高的结论。     

组合式三相双Buck宽变频逆变器

介绍了两态滞环电流控制型双Buck逆变器的电路结构和工作原理,对系统内环进行建模和分析。从理论上分析得到电流内环可以把LC二阶系统降阶为一阶系统,并将电流内环近似等效为一阶惯性环节,其时间常数主要取决于系统滤波电感的大小,并提出了一种滞环电流控制型逆变器输出滤波器的解耦设计方法,对宽变频输出时的输出滤波器进行优化设计。在此基础上进行三相组合式实验研究,通过数字控制技术实现逆变器系统具有360~800 H z宽变频输出。最后通过三相6 kVA原理样机,验证了本逆变器系统在全频率范围得到良好的输出电压波形和较高的效率,具有更广的应用前景。     

三相谐振直流环节逆变器的控制策略

本文针对三相谐振直流环节逆变器提出了三种电流调节方案,并对这三种调节方案进行了分析比较。电流调节△调制方案是零滞环的,它使得三相电流总是流向正确的方向,具有良好的动态特性,但谐波特性较差;相邻模态电流调制方案使逆变器在相邻的开关模态或零开关模态之间进行切换,谐波特性很好,动态特性不够好,而滞环控制电流调制器根据逆变器的实际情况选择开关模态(包括零模态),具有良好的动态特性和谐波特性,适用于三相谐振直流环节逆变器。文中给出了三种方案下的仿真波形,仿真结果的比较也于文后给出。     

氙离子推力器束流分布特性研究

建立了离子推力器束流分布的高斯模型,以200mm氙离子推力器为例,在不同工作环境下对推力器束流分布进行了数值模拟,并通过试验测量了推力器引出切面不同位置(轴向z=50mm,z=100mm)下的径向束电流密度和束离子密度分布。通过对数值模拟结果与试验测量结果的比较,误差为17%,认为数值模拟结果与试验测量结果吻合较好。表明离子推力器引出束流呈轴对称分布,在推力器出口附近,束离子密度很大,越往下游,密度越小且束流出现发散。     

Phase Space Density Analysis of Energy Transport in the Earth’s Magnetotail

Two energetic events in the Earth’s magnetotail detected by Geotail are examined with detailed analysis of three-dimensional velocity phase space density. It is found that the occurrence of multiple ion components is high during these dynamic episodes. Different populations evolve independently of each other, suggesting particles from multiple activity sites contributing to the observed phase space density. The transport properties with consideration of multiple components are evaluated, with the result showing significant differences from those based on a single fluid approach. This comparison indicates that precise evaluation of the energy and magnetic flux transport of energetic events in the magnetotail requires resolving individual populations in the phase space density.     

电流探头校准的测量不确定度分析

介绍了电流探头传输阻抗的校准原理,并对测量不确定度进行了详细的分析评定.